Aerogel is a highly porous, synthetic solid made from silica gel, where liquid is replaced with air. Despite the name, it’s dry and rigid or foam-like.
History and Applications
Discovered in 1931 by Samuel Kistler during an experiment to replace jelly’s liquid with gas, aerogel has since been used in space exploration, insulation, clothing, tennis rackets, supercapacitors, and cosmetics. Its commercial use became viable in the 21st century after production costs fell.
Why is Aerogel a Great Insulator?
Made of 99.8% air, aerogel limits heat transfer by blocking conduction and convection. Though it’s a poor radiative insulator, adding aluminium can improve performance. It insulates 39× better than fibreglass and handles extreme temperatures.